データソース: Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) • 最終更新: 2026-07-01
-0.1%p （前月比）2026年7月
4%以下: 完全雇用の水準 4〜6%: 良好な水準 6%以上: 注意が必要
2026年7月 コロナ前: 63.4%
失業率は労働力人口（就業者＋失業者）のうち失業者が占める割合を示す中核的な経済指標です。労働省が毎月第1金曜日に公表します。
自然失業率（NAIRU）: インフレを加速させない失業率で、現在は約4.0〜4.5%と推定されます。
The unemployment rate is the share of the labor force that is actively looking for work but not employed, making it the headline gauge of labor-market health. It is calculated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics from the household survey and released on the first Friday of each month as part of the jobs report, alongside nonfarm payrolls and wage growth. People who have stopped searching for work drop out of the labor force and are not counted as unemployed, which is a known limitation. For that reason it is usually read together with the labor force participation rate.
In the United States, an unemployment rate around 4% is commonly viewed as close to full employment. Very low unemployment can fuel inflation pressure through faster wage growth, while a sustained upturn in the rate is read as a sign of economic weakening. The widely cited Sahm rule flags recession risk when the three-month average unemployment rate rises 0.5 percentage points or more above its low from the prior twelve months. Because unemployment lags the business cycle, changes in its direction carry significant informational value.
The monthly jobs report is one of the most market-moving releases, and surprises in the unemployment rate or payrolls often trigger sharp moves in bonds and equities. A hot labor market raises rate-hike concerns while a weak one stokes recession fears, so whether good news is good for markets depends on the macro regime. Because maximum employment is half of the Fed's dual mandate, labor data feed directly into monetary policy expectations. Initial jobless claims, job openings from the JOLTS report, and wage growth are useful companions for a fuller labor-market picture.